Natural Material (-:Bituminous
Materials:-)
Terminology:
·
Bituminous materials are hydrocarbons.
·
Viscosity of bitumen or asphalts is reduced by heating.
·
It is dark brown or black in colour.
·
It solid or semi solid in state.
·
Suspension in water base.
·
In India refinery product is officially termed as bitumen.
·
Mixture of bitumen and inert mineral matter is called as
asphalts.
What is asphalt?
Mixture
of bitumen and inert mineral matter is called as asphalts.
What are the types of asphalts?
Natural
asphalt:
- When asphalt is found as natural
deposits, it is known as natural asphalt.
- It occurs in form of deposit in
place like lake at depth 3m to 60m.
- It contains 40 to 70% pure bitumen
with 30% water content.
Residual
(artificial) asphalt:
- When asphalt is found from
distillation of petroleum oil with an aspheric base.
Mastic
asphalt:
- It is prepared by mixing the
required mineral filler with black bitumen and heated to liquid form.
- On cooling it is converted to
elastic block.
- It is used as waterproofing
material in building construction work.
Asphaltic
cement:
- It is banded with flux oil having
adhesive qualities.
What are the uses of asphalts in construction?
- It is used as waterproofing
material.
- It is used as damp proofing
material.
- It is used as flooring material.
- It is used for preparing paints.
- It is used as tanking material
(water barrier).
What is bitumen?
- Bitumen is the product obtained by
distillation of crude petroleum product.
- It is hard at room temperature and
heated to use it.
- It is soft at moderate
temperature.
- It has high softening point
because when it keep in direct sunlight is should not get soft.
What are the types of bitumen?
Straight
run bitumen: It is distilled to definite viscosity and ready to use. It
does not required any treatment like heating.
Blown
bitumen: Bitumen
convert in to liquid by heating and this bitumen sprinkled in air under
pressure to remove unwanted matter and final product is called Blown bitumen.
Bitumen
emulsion:
It is bitumen in liquid form so that it can easily apply at surrounding
temperature.
Plastic
bitumen:
It consist of bitumen thinner and suitable filler in plastic form. As its
plastic nature it is used for filling the crakes to avoid leakage.
Residual
bitumen:
it is obtained from residue during distillation of high resin petroleum. It is
solid at room temperature.
What are the uses of bitumen in
construction?
- Extensively used for road construction.
- Bitumen emulsion is used as
stabilizing agent.
- Blown bitumen is used as damp
proofing and roofing material.
- Plastic bitumen is used for
filling the crakes to avoid leakage.
- It is used as paint.
What is tar?
- It is residual product obtained by
distillation of organic matter like wood, coal, and stone.
- The properties of tar depend on
properties of raw materials.
- It is liquid in state with high
viscosity.
What are the types of tar?
Coal
tar:
It is obtained by heating of coal in closed iron vessels to from coke. It is
black in colour used for roads. It is liquid in state.
Wood
tar:
It is obtained by distillation of pine wood and other resinous wood. It is
applied on wooden posts to avoid termite action.
Mineral
tar:
It is obtained by distillation of bituminous shale. It has less volatile matter
than the wood tar.
What are the uses of tar in
construction?
- It is used in road construction.
- It is used as termite proofing
material.
- It is used as water proofing
material.
- It is used as paints.
What are the difference between asphat, bitumen, and tar?
Property
|
Asphalt
|
Bitumen
|
Tar
|
Definitions
|
Mixture
of bitumen and inert mineral matter is called as asphalts.
|
The product
obtained by distillation of crude petroleum product is called.
|
Residual
product obtained by distillation of organic matter like wood, coal, and stone
is called tar.
|
Colour
|
Blackish
brown
|
Dark
black
|
Deep
black
|
Existing
state
|
Solid
or semi-solid
|
Solid
at normal temp
|
Sold
as viscous liquid
|
Effect
on heating
|
Burn
with smoke
|
Becomes
liquid
|
Less
viscous
|
Adhesive
power
|
Not
much
|
Good
|
Very
good
|
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