Natural Material (Rock)
Natural Material (Rock)
3)Foliated Rocks:
Definition of Rock: Rock is a natural material which is formed form one or more than one minerals, and founded in earthen crust.
Definition of Stone: It is small part of rock which is obtained form rock by quarrying of rock due to atmospheric forces (rain, sunlight, river action, etc.) or artificial forces (manual blasting).
Difference between Rock and Stone:
Point
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Rock
|
Stone
|
Definition
|
Rock is a material which is
formed form one or more than one minerals, and founded in earthen crust.
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It is small part of rock.
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Formation
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It formed from geological
action i.e. volcanic eruption of lava and magma.
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It is formed after quarrying
of rock.
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Formation period
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It require long period to
formation.
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It require small period than
rock.
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Size
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It is huge in size.
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It small in size than rock.
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Weight
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Heavy in wt.
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Lighter in wt. than rocks.
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Requirement of good building stone:Strength: It should have good strength, i.e. compressive strength, tensile strength, shear strength, etc. It should able to take self weight and external load.
Appearance:
It should be good in
appearance. It should have good finishing. It should have proper colure.
Economy: It should be economical. It not mean that, it should be cheap. It means it should satisfy our purpose as per our investment of money.
Eco friendly: It should not
affect on environment.
In other word stone should be easy to recycle. It should be durable. It
should have good chemical resistance. It
should be easy to transport.
Classification of rock:
i)
Geological classification of rocks: Geologically rocks are classified in
three category,
1)Igneous Rocks,
2) Sedimentary Rocks,
3) Metamorphic Rocks.
- 1) Igneous Rocks: During volcanic eruption the molten mass called lava and magma came out on earth surface and converted into solid hard material called as Igneous Rocks.
This
is classified into further three category –
i)Plutonic Rocks: The rock is formed
after volcanic eruption after cooling magma in depth below than 35m from earth
surface, is called as Plutonic Rock.
ii)Hypabasal Rocks: The rocks are
formed after volcanic eruption after cooling of magma in depth 35m from earth
surface.
iii)Volcanic Rocks: The rocks are
formed after volcanic eruption after cooling of magma on earth surface.
- 2) Sedimentary Rocks: Rocks which are formed from sedimentation of sediment due to natural agencies such as rainfall, snow fall, river flow, wind flow, etc.
This
is classified into further three category –
i) Clastic Deposits: The rocks which
are formed from distraction of igneous and other rocks due to variation of
temp., weathering action and erosion, etc is called Clastic Deposits.
ii)Chemical Deposits: The rocks which
are formed from precipitation of mineral matter from their colloidal solution
in water is called Chemical Deposits.
iii) Organic Deposits: The rocks which
are formed from deposition of organic matter is called Organic Deposits.
- 3) Metamorphic Rocks: The rocks which are formed from igneous and sedimentary rocks due to change in environment, increase in temp., and increase in pressure below earth surface.
ii)
Chemical Classification of rocks:
- 1) Siliceous Rocks: The rocks in which silica is main constituent is called Siliceous Rocks.
- 2)Argillaceous Rocks: The rocks in which alumina is main constituent is called Argillaceous Rocks.
- 3)Calcareous Rocks: The rocks in which calcium is main constituent is called Calcareous Rocks.
iii)
Physical Classification of rocks:
- 1)Stratified Rocks: The rocks which having many strata and can be split up in to their plans as thin layer is called stratified rocks.
- 2)Unstratified Rocks: The rocks which not having many strata but contain granular crystal is called unstratified rocks.
- 3)Foliated Rocks: The rocks which foliated in
structure and split up in one definite direction is called foliated rocks.
- 1)Stratified Rocks:
3)Foliated Rocks:
Quarrying of stone: The process of removing stone from earth surface is called quarrying.
Process of quarrying of stone:
i) Digging: It means removing rock
manually by using pick-axe, hammer, crow bar, etc. When quarrying consist small quantity
ii) Heating: In this process all rock
strata is heated by burning natural matter available at quarrying site. For
stratified rock this method is used & also for less depth of rock.
Process of
wedging:
i) Drilling
of holes: For this process firstly holes are made in rocks if naturally cracks
are not available for wedging. This drilling holes are drilled in one line from
where we want to break stone.
ii) Fixing
feather and plug: After drilling hole feather and plugs are fixed in holes by
properly. Feather and plug is different part so insert it properly at same time
to avoid improper fixing of plug. Some time timber plug is used in place of
steel plug.
iii)
Hammering : After the fixing the plug and
feather main part of this process is start that is hammering of plug. By using
hammer plug is inserting in rocks for cracking purpose so that is easy to
remove rock from earth. Hammering is continued till we get crack in rock
completely.
iv)
Removing: After the hammering we get rock from
earth. This rock will take for dressing.
iv)Blasting: When rock is very hard
and directly required in small size. For this very high precautions are
required.
Process of blasting:
i) Drilling:
For this process firstly holes are made in rocks to filling the dynamite for
blasting purpose. Choose dry place for blasting to get maximum benefit from
blasting.
ii) Charging:
After drilling holes we insert dynamites in drilled holes. The quantity of
dynamite to be filled in holes are decided by technical experts. After the gun
powder or dynamite filling we insert fuse for firing and some soil material to
close the hole.
iii)
Tampering: After the filling dynamite or gun
powder clay matter available at site is filled and hole is closed by tampering.
This process is carried out with highly precautions.
iv)
Firing: Then main part of this process is start
that is firing. For this purpose fuse is fired with match or electrically.
Whole this process is carried out under the expert guidance.
2 comments
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